Educational elephant centric information plus fun and games.

THE REAL ANTI-CIRCUS AGENDA

GLOSSARY AND REFERENCE

CONTENTS
Alpha male	Lee S. Crandall	Marxism
AZA	Pat Derby	NFMC
Animal Liberation	ELF	Ingrid Newkirk
ALF	Earth First!	OABA
Animal People	EMA	OSHA
Animal Rights	Federalism	PETA
Animal Rights Movement	Ted Friend	PAWS
Animal Welfare	Ottavio Gesmundo	RSPCA
AWA	Heini Hediger	Paul Singer
Anthropomorphic	William T Hornaday	SPCA
APHIS	HSUS	Ben Trumble
ASPCA	IDA	Alex Turovski
Bobby Berosini	IRRC	USDA
Best Friends Animal Sanctuary	Eliot Katz	Utopian
Ward Clark	Konrad Lorenz	Marthe Kiley-Worthington

Alpha male
An alpha male or alpha female is the individual in the community to whom the others follow and defer.

American Zoo and Aquarium association (AZA) Website
The American Zoo and Aquarium Association, or AZA is a people-based association dedicated to raising awareness of oceans, zoos and aquariums.

Animal Liberation
A movement with the aim of freeing all the non-human animals from human exploitation. It is close to the animal rights movement, but generally takes the issues further and demands equality of humans and non-humans.

ANIMAL LIBERATION FRONT (ALF) Website
A radical animal rights group originally formed in the UK in the 1970s by animal rights activist Ronnie Lee, who had previously been involved with The Band of Mercy and the Hunt Saboteurs' Association.

Animal People Website
Leading independent newspaper providing original investigative coverage of animal protection worldwide. Founded in 1992, ANIMAL PEOPLE has no alignment or affiliation with any other entity.

Animal Rights
The rights to humane treatment claimed on behalf of animals, especially the right not to be exploited for human purposes. Animal rights is the viewpoint that (non-human) animals have moral rights that prohibit humans from violating their basic interests, and that they ought to have legal rights to protect those interests.

Animal Rights Movement
Diverse individuals and groups concerned with protecting animals from perceived abuse or misuse. Supporters are specifically concerned with the use of animals for medical and cosmetics testing, the killing of animals for furs, hunting for pleasure, and the raising of livestock in restrictive or inhumane quarters, so-called factory farming. Concern for inhumane treatment of animals has led many supporters of the movement to advocate vegetarianism.

Animal Welfare
Animal welfare is the viewpoint that some or all animals, especially those under human care, should be treated in such a way that they do not suffer unnecessarily.

Animal Welfare Act (AWA)
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)
APHIS The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) enforces the Animal Welfare Act (AWA), which is Federal legislation that ensures the humane care and treatment of certain animals that are exhibited to the public.

Anthropomorphic
Suggesting human characteristics for animals or inanimate things.

Best Friends Animal Sanctuary Website
Best Friends Animal Sanctuary is the largest no-kill animal sanctuary in the U.S., and home to never less than 1800 abused and abandoned animals.

Ward Clark: Author, farmer, hunter, and biologist
Bobby Berosini: Animal trainer
Ottavio Gesmundo: Former Las Vegas dancer
Read about the court case Berosini vs. PETA at this address.

Lee S. Crandall Website
AZA PRESIDENT 1947-1948

Earth First! Website
Earth First! is a radical environmental defense movement, pioneered in the early 1980s by Arizona desert activists Dave Foreman, Mike Roselle, Howie Wolke, Bart Koehler, and others.

Earth Liberation Front (ELF) WEBSITE
A radical environmental movement. It is a loosely-knit organization that, according to the ELF, "uses direct action in the form of economic sabotage to stop the exploitation and destruction of the natural environment" mainly in the United States, Canada and England.

Elephant Managers Association Website
The Elephant Managers Association is an international non profit organization of professional elephant handlers, administrators, veterinarians, researchers, and elephant enthusiasts. The Association is dedicated to the welfare of the worlds elephants through improved communication, husbandry, research, education and conservation.

Ted Friend Texas A&M University Website
Dr. Ted Friend is a professor in the Department of Animal Science and the leader of the department's Program for Animal Euthenics, which is the science of determining optimum living environments for animals. He received his bachelor's degree from Cornell University and his master's and doctorate from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.

Federalism
A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units.

Heini Hediger 1908-1992
Aleksei Turovski Website
UNIVERSITY/INSTITUTE University of Tartu (Estonia) and Tallin zoo (Estonia)
FOCUS Comfort behviour, health and disease
Read what Aleksei Turovski says about Heini Hediger at this address.
An expert in animal psychology, particularly animals in zoos and circuses, Heini Hediger became a founder of what is today known as biosemiotics, or nonverbal communication.

The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) WEBSITE
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) WEBSITE
American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) WEBSITE
Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) WEBSITE
Groups that aims to stop animal and human suffering due to cruelty or other reasons. There are many local humane societies which are independent of those similarly named national organizations. Therefore local humane groups called SPCA or Humane Society are "not" related to the national groups such as The HSUS or ASPCA. National organizations primarily work on big picture approach including research, public education and assisting local shelters and rescue groups. Local groups primarily handle the actual care (housing, adoption, and euthanasia)of animals, but their programs may also include education and outreach to the public.

William T Hornaday 1854–1937
An american naturalist. Hornaday was educated at Iowa State College (now Iowa State Univ.), continued his study of zoology and museology in Europe, and was chief taxidermist (1882–90) of the U.S. National Museum. As the first director (1896–1926) of the New York Zoological Park and as an author, Hornaday was a leader in wildlife conservation. His book Extermination of the American Bison (1887) helped to save the bison from extinction. His works also include the classic American Natural History (1904), books on wild animals, and Thirty Years' War for Wild Life (1931).

In Defense of Animals (IDA)
Eliot Katz Website
Elliot M. Katz, D.V.M., a graduate of Cornell University, is the founder and president of In Defense Of Animals (IDA), a national non-profit organization dedicated to ending the institutionalized exploitation and abuse of nonhuman animals by working for, and defending the rights, welfare, and habitat of these individuals. Now 15 years old, IDA has made ending the property status of animals one of its primary goals.

Investor Responsibility Research Center Website
IRRC is the leading source of high quality, impartial information on corporate governance and social responsibility. Founded in 1972, IRRC provides proxy research and analysis, benchmarking products, as well as proxy voting services to more than 500 institutional investors, corporations, law firms, foundations, academics and other organizations. IRRC is unique in the industry as it does not advocate on any side of the issues it covers. Clients can be assured that IRRC data and analyses are objective and unbiased.

Konrad Lorenz (1903-1989)
Austrian psychologist and zoologist. He shared a 1973 Nobel Prize for studies of individual and social behavior patterns. Emphasized the importance of innate as opposed to learned behaviors.

Marxism
The political and economic philosophy of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in which the concept of class struggle plays a central role in understanding society's allegedly inevitable development from bourgeois oppression under capitalism to a socialist and ultimately classless society.

National Farm Medicine Center Website
The National Farm Medicine Center (NFMC), founded in 1981, conducts high-quality research addressing human health and safety associated with rural and agricultural work, life and environments.

Ingrid Newkirk
Ingrid Newkirk is the co-founder and current president of PETA, the world's largest animal rights organization. Her books include Free the Animals, You Can Save the Animals, 250 Things You Can Do to Make Your Cat Adore You, The Compassionate Cook, The PETA Celebrity Vegan Cookbook, and Kids Can Save the Animals. Newkirk was born in England on July 11, 1949. She grew up in New Delhi, India, served as a Maryland state humane officer for 25 years, and later became Chief of Animal Disease Control for the Commission on Public Health in the District of Columbia. She founded PETA in 1980.

Outdoor Amusement Business Association (OABA) Website
THE NORTH AMERICAN TRADE ASSOCIATION FOR THE OUTDOOR AMUSEMENT INDUSTRY
"To encourage the growth and preservation of the outdoor amusement industry through leadership, legislation, education and membership services"

Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
29 U.S.C. 651 et seq. (1970), sought to make work safer and protect the physical well-being of the worker. It created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) within the Department of Labor to oversee its provisions. The law required employers to maintain certain health and safety standards and submit to periodic government inspection of workplaces. OSHA's efforts to enforce regulations have often been the subject of legal battles.

Performing Animal Welfare Society (PAWS)
Pat Derby Website
Founded by Hollywood animal trainer and author, Pat Derby, and partner, Ed Stewart, PAWS maintains 3 sanctuaries for captive wildlife -- 30 acres in Galt, California, and 100 acres (the Amanda Blake Wildlife Refuge) in Herald, California. PAWS is also in Phase I development of . "Ark 2000", 2300 acres of beautiful natural habitat in San Andreas, CA.

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PeTA) Website
An international non-profit organization dedicated to animal rights. It was founded in 1980, and its current president is Ingrid Newkirk. PETA's international headquarters are in Norfolk, Virginia. With more than 800,000 members and over 100 employees, PETA is the largest animal rights organization in the world.

Peter Singer WEBSITE
Peter Albert David Singer (born 1946 in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia) is an Australian philosopher and teacher. He is currently a professor at Princeton University in the USA. He works in practical ethics, and treats ethical issues from a utilitarian (specifically preference utilitarian) perspective.

Ben Trumble: author of this article 'THE REAL ANTI-CIRCUS AGENDA'
Trained in zoology, ethology and biological parks management the author is a former zoo keeper and sometimes writer with a long time affection for circus.

Utopian
1. often Utopian Of, relating to, describing or having the characteristics of a Utopia: a Utopian island; Utopian novels.
2.1. Excellent or ideal but impracticable; visionary: a utopian scheme for equalizing wealth.
2.2. Proposing impracticably ideal schemes.

Marthe Kiley-Worthington
B.Sc, D. Phil, of the University of Edinburgh.
Dr Marthe Kiley-Worthington, animal behaviour expert, was commissioned by the RSPCA and UFAW (Universities Federation for Animal Welfare) to carry out an independent, scientific study of circus animals, in comparison with animals in zoos and in the wild.