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THE REAL ANTI-CIRCUS AGENDA
GLOSSARY AND REFERENCE
Alpha male
An alpha male or alpha female is the individual in the community to whom the others follow
and defer.
American Zoo and Aquarium association (AZA)
Website
The American Zoo and Aquarium Association, or AZA is a people-based association dedicated
to raising awareness of oceans, zoos and aquariums.
Animal Liberation
A movement with the aim of freeing all the non-human animals
from human exploitation. It is close to the
animal rights movement, but generally takes the
issues further and demands equality of humans and non-humans.
ANIMAL LIBERATION FRONT (ALF)
Website
A radical animal rights
group originally formed in the UK in the 1970s by
animal rights
activist Ronnie Lee, who had previously been involved with The Band of Mercy and the Hunt
Saboteurs' Association.
Animal People
Website
Leading independent newspaper providing original investigative
coverage of animal protection worldwide. Founded in 1992, ANIMAL PEOPLE has no alignment
or affiliation with any other entity.
Animal Rights
The rights to humane treatment claimed on behalf of animals, especially the right not to
be exploited for human purposes. Animal rights is the viewpoint that (non-human) animals
have moral rights that prohibit humans from violating their basic interests, and that they
ought to have legal rights to protect those interests.
Animal Rights Movement
Diverse individuals and groups concerned with protecting animals
from perceived abuse or misuse. Supporters are specifically concerned with the use of
animals for medical and cosmetics testing, the killing of animals for furs, hunting for
pleasure, and the raising of livestock in restrictive or inhumane quarters, so-called
factory farming. Concern for inhumane treatment of animals has led many supporters of the
movement to advocate vegetarianism.
Animal Welfare
Animal welfare is the viewpoint that some or all animals, especially those under human
care, should be treated in such a way that they do not suffer unnecessarily.
Animal Welfare Act (AWA)
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)
APHIS The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the U.S. Department of
Agriculture (USDA) enforces the Animal Welfare Act (AWA), which is Federal legislation
that ensures the humane care and treatment of certain animals that are exhibited to the
public.
Anthropomorphic
Suggesting human characteristics for animals or inanimate things.
Best Friends Animal Sanctuary
Website
Best Friends Animal Sanctuary is the largest no-kill animal sanctuary in the U.S., and
home to never less than 1800 abused and abandoned animals.
Ward Clark: Author, farmer, hunter, and biologist
Bobby Berosini: Animal trainer
Ottavio Gesmundo: Former Las Vegas dancer
Read about the court case Berosini vs. PETA at
this address.
Lee S. Crandall
Website
AZA PRESIDENT 1947-1948
Earth First!
Website
Earth First! is a radical environmental defense movement, pioneered in the early 1980s by
Arizona desert activists Dave Foreman, Mike Roselle, Howie Wolke, Bart Koehler, and
others.
Earth Liberation Front (ELF)
WEBSITE
A radical environmental movement. It is a loosely-knit
organization that, according to the ELF, "uses direct action in the form of economic
sabotage to stop the exploitation and destruction of the natural environment"
mainly in the United States, Canada and England.
Elephant Managers Association
Website
The Elephant Managers Association is an international non profit organization of
professional elephant handlers, administrators, veterinarians, researchers, and elephant
enthusiasts. The Association is dedicated to the welfare of the worlds elephants through
improved communication, husbandry, research, education and conservation.
Ted Friend
Texas A&M University Website
Dr. Ted Friend is a professor in the Department of Animal Science and the leader of the
department's Program for Animal Euthenics, which is the science of determining optimum
living environments for animals. He received his bachelor's degree from Cornell University
and his master's and doctorate from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
Federalism
A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and
constituent political units.
Heini Hediger 1908-1992
Aleksei Turovski
Website
UNIVERSITY/INSTITUTE University of Tartu (Estonia) and Tallin zoo (Estonia)
FOCUS Comfort behviour, health and disease
Read what Aleksei Turovski says about Heini Hediger at
this address.
An expert in animal psychology, particularly animals in zoos and circuses, Heini Hediger
became a founder of what is today known as biosemiotics, or nonverbal communication.
The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS)
WEBSITE
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA)
WEBSITE
American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA)
WEBSITE
Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA)
WEBSITE
Groups that aims to stop animal and human suffering due to cruelty or
other reasons.
There are many local humane societies which are independent of those similarly named
national organizations. Therefore local humane groups called SPCA or Humane Society are
"not" related to the national groups such as The HSUS or ASPCA. National organizations
primarily work on big picture approach including research, public education and assisting
local shelters and rescue groups. Local groups primarily handle the actual care (housing,
adoption, and euthanasia)of animals, but their programs may also include education and
outreach to the public.
William T Hornaday 1854–1937
An american naturalist. Hornaday was educated at Iowa State College
(now Iowa State Univ.), continued his study of zoology and museology in Europe, and was
chief taxidermist (1882–90) of the U.S. National Museum. As the first director (1896–1926)
of the New York Zoological Park and as an author, Hornaday was a leader in wildlife
conservation. His book Extermination of the American Bison (1887) helped to save the bison
from extinction. His works also include the classic American Natural History (1904), books
on wild animals, and Thirty Years' War for Wild Life (1931).
In Defense of Animals (IDA)
Eliot Katz
Website
Elliot M. Katz, D.V.M., a graduate of Cornell University, is the founder and president of
In Defense Of Animals (IDA), a national non-profit organization dedicated to ending the
institutionalized exploitation and abuse of nonhuman animals by working for, and defending
the rights, welfare, and habitat of these individuals. Now 15 years old, IDA has made
ending the property status of animals one of its primary goals.
Investor Responsibility Research Center
Website
IRRC is the leading source of high quality, impartial information on corporate governance
and social responsibility. Founded in 1972, IRRC provides proxy research and analysis,
benchmarking products, as well as proxy voting services to more than 500 institutional
investors, corporations, law firms, foundations, academics and other organizations. IRRC
is unique in the industry as it does not advocate on any side of the issues it covers.
Clients can be assured that IRRC data and analyses are objective and unbiased.
Konrad Lorenz (1903-1989)
Austrian psychologist and zoologist. He shared a 1973 Nobel Prize for studies of
individual and social behavior patterns. Emphasized the importance of innate as opposed
to learned behaviors.
Marxism
The political and economic philosophy of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in which the
concept of class struggle plays a central role in understanding society's allegedly
inevitable development from bourgeois oppression under capitalism to a socialist and
ultimately classless society.
National Farm Medicine Center
Website
The National Farm Medicine Center (NFMC), founded in 1981, conducts high-quality research
addressing human health and safety associated with rural and agricultural work, life and
environments.
Ingrid Newkirk
Ingrid Newkirk is the co-founder and current president of
PETA, the world's largest animal
rights organization. Her books include Free the Animals, You Can Save the Animals, 250
Things You Can Do to Make Your Cat Adore You, The Compassionate Cook, The PETA Celebrity
Vegan Cookbook, and Kids Can Save the Animals. Newkirk was born in England on July 11,
1949. She grew up in New Delhi, India, served as a Maryland state humane officer for 25
years, and later became Chief of Animal Disease Control for the Commission on Public
Health in the District of Columbia. She founded PETA in 1980.
Outdoor Amusement Business Association (OABA)
Website
THE NORTH AMERICAN TRADE ASSOCIATION FOR THE OUTDOOR AMUSEMENT INDUSTRY
"To encourage the growth and preservation of the outdoor amusement industry
through leadership, legislation, education and membership services"
Performing Animal Welfare Society (PAWS)
Pat Derby
Website
Founded by Hollywood animal trainer and author, Pat Derby, and partner, Ed Stewart, PAWS
maintains 3 sanctuaries for captive wildlife -- 30 acres in Galt, California, and 100
acres (the Amanda Blake Wildlife Refuge) in Herald, California. PAWS is also in Phase I
development of . "Ark 2000", 2300 acres of beautiful natural habitat in San Andreas, CA.
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PeTA)
Website
An international non-profit
organization dedicated to animal rights.
It was founded in 1980, and its current president
is Ingrid Newkirk.
PETA's international headquarters are in Norfolk, Virginia. With more
than 800,000 members and over 100 employees, PETA is the largest
animal rights
organization in the world.
Peter Singer
WEBSITE
Peter Albert David Singer (born 1946 in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia) is an Australian
philosopher and teacher. He is currently a professor at Princeton University in the USA.
He works in practical ethics, and treats ethical issues from a utilitarian (specifically
preference utilitarian) perspective.
Ben Trumble: author of this article
'THE REAL ANTI-CIRCUS AGENDA'
Trained in zoology, ethology and biological parks management the author is a former
zoo keeper and sometimes writer with a long time affection for circus.
Utopian
1. often Utopian Of, relating to, describing or having the characteristics of a Utopia: a Utopian island; Utopian novels.
2.1. Excellent or ideal but impracticable; visionary: a utopian scheme for equalizing wealth.
2.2. Proposing impracticably ideal schemes.
Marthe Kiley-Worthington
B.Sc, D. Phil, of the University of Edinburgh.
Dr Marthe Kiley-Worthington, animal behaviour expert, was
commissioned by the RSPCA
and UFAW (Universities Federation for Animal Welfare) to carry
out an independent, scientific study of circus animals, in comparison with animals in zoos
and in the wild.
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